Global warming could create "ghost states" with governments in exile ruling over scattered citizens and land that has been abandoned to rising seas, an expert said yesterday.
一位專家昨天表示，全球變暖可能導(dǎo)致“鬼國(guó)”出現(xiàn)，這些國(guó)家背井離鄉(xiāng)的政府將統(tǒng)治稀少分散的公民，以及由于海平面上升而被丟棄的國(guó)土。
Francois Gemenne, of the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations in Paris, said the likely loss of small island states such as Tuvalu and the Maldives raised profound questions over nationality and territory.
巴黎可持續(xù)發(fā)展和國(guó)際關(guān)系研究所的弗蘭科斯·格梅恩表示，圖瓦盧和馬爾代夫等小島國(guó)家可能的損失為民族和領(lǐng)土問(wèn)題提出了深刻的疑問(wèn)。
"What would happen if a state was to physically disappear but people want to keep their nationalities? It could continue as a virtual state even though it is a rock under the ocean and its people no longer live on that piece of land."
“如果一個(gè)國(guó)家在地理上消失了而人們又希望保留自己的國(guó)籍，那會(huì)怎樣呢？它可能作為一個(gè)虛擬的國(guó)家繼續(xù)存在，盡管它已是海里面的一塊石頭，并且它的子民已經(jīng)不再生活在那里。”
Gemenne said there was more at stake than cultural and sentimental attachments to swamped countries. Tuvalu makes millions of pounds each year from the sale of its assigned internet suffix .tv to television companies. As a nation state, the Polynesian island also has a vote on the international stage through the UN.
弗蘭科斯稱，對(duì)淹沒(méi)的國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)有比文化和情感眷戀更利害攸關(guān)的事情。圖瓦盧每年通過(guò)出售互聯(lián)網(wǎng)域名后綴（.tv）使用權(quán)給電視公司賺取數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊。作為一個(gè)民族國(guó)家，聯(lián)合國(guó)成員國(guó)波利尼西亞在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上也擁有自己的投票權(quán)。
"As independent nations they receive certain rights and privileges that they will not want to lose. Instead they could become like ghost states," he said. "This is a pressing issue for small island states, but in the case of physical disappearance there is a void in international law."
他說(shuō)：“作為獨(dú)立的國(guó)家，它們獲得了一定的權(quán)利和特權(quán)，它們不希望失去這些。否則，它們就會(huì)變成‘鬼國(guó)’。這對(duì)于小島國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)是迫切的問(wèn)題，但有關(guān)地理上消失的情況，國(guó)際法還是一片空白。”
Experts say it is a matter of time before global warming drives up sea levels the one or two metres it would take to force permanent evacuation of islands such as Tuvalu, the highest point of which is four metres above water.
專家表示，全球變暖致使海平面上升一到兩米只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題，到時(shí)它將迫使圖瓦盧等島國(guó)的居民永久撤離，該島國(guó)的最高點(diǎn)只比水面高出四米。
The study of 23 regions where environmental degradation has caused people to move had showed that fears of millions of people flooding across borders could be misplaced. Most movement was within countries, Gemenne said.
弗蘭科斯稱，對(duì)23個(gè)因?yàn)榄h(huán)境退化導(dǎo)致人們遷移的地區(qū)的研究顯示，對(duì)數(shù)百萬(wàn)人涌出國(guó)界的擔(dān)心可能是過(guò)慮了。大多數(shù)遷移都是在國(guó)家內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的。
The poorest and most vulnerable people were often unable to migrate, the research showed. "The poorest people lack the social and economic capital to escape," said Gemmene.
研究顯示，最貧困和最易受傷害的人往往無(wú)法遷移。弗蘭科斯說(shuō)：“最貧困的人缺乏逃離所需的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)資本。”
Simon Hales of the World Health Organisation told the conference that widespread population movement would also pose a significant risk to global health. Health protection in a 4C warmer world, he said, would require "substantial redistribution" of global resources such as food, water and energy.
世界衛(wèi)生組織的西蒙·黑爾斯在會(huì)議上表示，廣泛的人口流動(dòng)也將對(duì)全球健康構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。他稱，在一個(gè)氣溫升高4攝氏度的世界里，衛(wèi)生防護(hù)將要求將全球資源進(jìn)行“大規(guī)模再分配”，例如食物、水和能源。
相關(guān)閱讀：
馬爾代夫舉行水下內(nèi)閣會(huì)議
世界環(huán)境日
倫敦2012年奧運(yùn)前打造“最環(huán)保”城市
希拉里：應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化好比減肥
世界各地響應(yīng)“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)
（來(lái)源：原版英語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津編輯）
